Biologically Active Natural Compounds
Lecture
Excercise/laboratory
2020,
Summer Semester
6
7
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11
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13
14
15
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21
Mo
Tu
We
Th
Fr
| Credits | 5 |
| Hours per week | 3 / 0 / 0 |
| Examination | Ex |
| Study Language | Czech |
| Level | [] |
| Guarantor |
PharmDr. Petra Cihlářová, Ph.D. prof. Dr. RNDr. Oldřich Lapčík |
Summary
The course covers basic structural groups of biologically active natural compounds with its representative sources, namely in the plant kingdom. Selected pharmacologically important products of mushrooms and microorganisms are discussed. Besides pharmacological activities, discussed are also selected groups of sensorial active compounds (non-sugar artificial sweeteners, bitter compounds, olfactory active compounds). Molecular and cellular basis of activity is given for selected activities, structure-activity relationship is discussed.
Syllabus
1. Course introduction, history, basic terms, pharmacognosy, chemosystematics
2. Principals of effects of biologically active compounds, biological activity targets at a molecular, cellular, and organ level
3. Polysaccharides: fiber, gums, slimes, pectins. Plants and microorganisms: Acacia sp., Astragalus gummifer, Ceratonia siliqua, Psilium sp., Leuconostoc sp., Gelidium sp., Glacilaria sp.
4. Specifically active proteins: enzymes, lectins, intensively sweet proteins. Plants: Carica papaya., Canavalia ensiformis, Ricinus communis, Abrus precatorius, Thaumatococcus sp., Pentadiplandra brazzeana.
5. Alkaloids. General properties, taxonomical occurrence proto alkaloids, Plants: Capsicum sp., Ephedra sp., Lophphora williamsi
6. Alkaloids affecting signal function of acetyl choline, cytostatics. Plants: Atropa belladona, Erythroxylon cocca, Nicotiana sp., Areca catechu, Conium maculatum, Papaver somniferum, Cataranthus roseus, Physostigma venenosum, Strychnos sp., Galanthus sp., Narcissus sp.
7. Ergot alkaloids, pseudoalkaloids, purine alkaloids. Plants and mushrooms: Claviceps purpurea, Aconitum sp., Veratrum sp., Coffea arabica, Camellia sinensis, Theobroma cacao, Ilex paraguayensis
8. Examples of bioactive glycosides: heart glycosides, saponins, glucosinolates, cyanogenic glycosidy. Plants: Digitalis sp., Drimia maritima, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Aesculus hippocastanum, Hedera helix, Brassica sp., Manihot esculenta.
9. Phenolic compounds I: General properties, simple phenols, phenolic acids and their esters, coumarins. Plants: Myroxylon balsamum, Rosmarinus officinalis, Salix sp., Meliotus officinalis, Heracleum sp.
10. Phenolic compounds II: Flavonoids and lignans, phytoestrogens. Plants: Silybum marianum, Fagopyrum esculentum, Glycine max., Trifolium sp., Pueraria sp., Linum usitatissimum
11. Phenolic compounds III. Tannins, chinons, orcinols and phloroglucinols. Plants: Quercus sp., Juglans regia, Lawsonia inermis, Cassia sp., Rhamnus frangula, Humulus lupulus, Cannabis sp.
12. Terpenoids I: Monoterpenes and essential oils, toxic diterpenes. Plants: Lavandula sp., Mentha sp., Thymus sp., Carum carvi, Citrus aurantium, Taxus sp., Croton sp., Daphne mezerum
13. Terpenoids II: Triterpenoids, steroids and carotenoids, vitamin A and retinoids. Plants: Betula sp., Cucurbita sp., Capsicum annuum, Crocus sp.,
14. Excursion (botanical garden)
2. Principals of effects of biologically active compounds, biological activity targets at a molecular, cellular, and organ level
3. Polysaccharides: fiber, gums, slimes, pectins. Plants and microorganisms: Acacia sp., Astragalus gummifer, Ceratonia siliqua, Psilium sp., Leuconostoc sp., Gelidium sp., Glacilaria sp.
4. Specifically active proteins: enzymes, lectins, intensively sweet proteins. Plants: Carica papaya., Canavalia ensiformis, Ricinus communis, Abrus precatorius, Thaumatococcus sp., Pentadiplandra brazzeana.
5. Alkaloids. General properties, taxonomical occurrence proto alkaloids, Plants: Capsicum sp., Ephedra sp., Lophphora williamsi
6. Alkaloids affecting signal function of acetyl choline, cytostatics. Plants: Atropa belladona, Erythroxylon cocca, Nicotiana sp., Areca catechu, Conium maculatum, Papaver somniferum, Cataranthus roseus, Physostigma venenosum, Strychnos sp., Galanthus sp., Narcissus sp.
7. Ergot alkaloids, pseudoalkaloids, purine alkaloids. Plants and mushrooms: Claviceps purpurea, Aconitum sp., Veratrum sp., Coffea arabica, Camellia sinensis, Theobroma cacao, Ilex paraguayensis
8. Examples of bioactive glycosides: heart glycosides, saponins, glucosinolates, cyanogenic glycosidy. Plants: Digitalis sp., Drimia maritima, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Aesculus hippocastanum, Hedera helix, Brassica sp., Manihot esculenta.
9. Phenolic compounds I: General properties, simple phenols, phenolic acids and their esters, coumarins. Plants: Myroxylon balsamum, Rosmarinus officinalis, Salix sp., Meliotus officinalis, Heracleum sp.
10. Phenolic compounds II: Flavonoids and lignans, phytoestrogens. Plants: Silybum marianum, Fagopyrum esculentum, Glycine max., Trifolium sp., Pueraria sp., Linum usitatissimum
11. Phenolic compounds III. Tannins, chinons, orcinols and phloroglucinols. Plants: Quercus sp., Juglans regia, Lawsonia inermis, Cassia sp., Rhamnus frangula, Humulus lupulus, Cannabis sp.
12. Terpenoids I: Monoterpenes and essential oils, toxic diterpenes. Plants: Lavandula sp., Mentha sp., Thymus sp., Carum carvi, Citrus aurantium, Taxus sp., Croton sp., Daphne mezerum
13. Terpenoids II: Triterpenoids, steroids and carotenoids, vitamin A and retinoids. Plants: Betula sp., Cucurbita sp., Capsicum annuum, Crocus sp.,
14. Excursion (botanical garden)
Literature
R: Jean Bruneton: Pharmacognosy. Lavoisier Publishing Inc., Paris, 1999, reprint 2001 (1-898298-63-7 )
A: Paul M. Dewick: Medicinal Natural Products � A Biosynthetic Approach. John Wiley & Sons Ltd., Chichester, England. 2002 (0471 49641 3)
A: Joanne Barnes, Linda A. Anderson, J. David Philipson: Herbal Medicines, Pharmaceutical Press, London, UK 2007 (978 0 85369 623 0)
A: Paul M. Dewick: Medicinal Natural Products � A Biosynthetic Approach. John Wiley & Sons Ltd., Chichester, England. 2002 (0471 49641 3)
A: Joanne Barnes, Linda A. Anderson, J. David Philipson: Herbal Medicines, Pharmaceutical Press, London, UK 2007 (978 0 85369 623 0)